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Hunting Lost Worlds in Wyoming's Bighorn Basin. Travel. The northwestern corner of Wyoming is home to two of the nation’s most famous national parks: Yellowstone and Grand Teton. Each year, these parks see more than 3 million visitors who arrive from all directions, and those who come to Yellowstone from the east by way of Cody must pass through a vast, dry depression known as the Bighorn Basin. The basin’s main towns are Thermopolis, Cody, Powell, Lovell, Greybull, and Worland, but we’d be remiss if we didn’t mention Shell, Ten Sleep, Meeteetse, Basin, Otto, and Bridger. Merging paleontology, geology, and artistry, Ancient Wyoming illustrates scenes from the distant past and provides fascinating details on the flora and fauna of the past 3. Buy. From outer space or on the Wyoming Highway Map, the basin appears as a giant oval hole about 1. The high points of the surrounding mountains reach more than 1.
The Bighorn Basin is a curious bit of topography, and it has one of the best geological stories on the planet. In fact, the Bighorn Basin may be the best place on Earth to tell the story of our planet. Because of its geology, the Bighorn Basin contains layers of rock older than 2. What makes this place so amazing is that it has layers of rock from almost every single geologic time period. If you had to pick one place in the world to tell the story of Earth’s history, you would pick this place. So we picked this place. The Big Horn Basin is located in the Rocky Mountains in northwest Wyoming.
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The layered rocks of the Bighorn Basin were once ancient landscapes, and the fossils in the rocks are clues to what these landscapes looked like, what the ancient vegetation was, and what kinds of animals lived here. Because the Bighorn Basin is a dry place, not many plants grow here today, so it is easy to see the rocks. If you can see the rocks, you can find the fossils in the rocks. In this place, the history of the Earth lies on the ground as if it were an open book.
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And the goal of our little book is to give you the tools to read the big rock book of the Bighorn Basin. Using layered rocks and fossils, geologists and paleontologists are able to envision what these lost worlds looked like. To share them with you, we studied the rocks; tracked down the fossils; reconstructed the plants, animals, and landscapes; and then employed an artist to paint them, choosing ancient worlds ranging in age from 5. There are so many layers of rock in the basin that we could have painted hundreds of them.
Here, we present five. Scorpion Stream: 4. Million Years Ago, Devonian Period. Formation: Beartooth Butte Formation. Ancient Environment: Warm and Dry. Past. Streams are entering a coastal area and have cut into the surrounding bedrock of Bighorn Dolomite.
The channels are filling with sediment that has eroded from the surrounding hills. Watch Walt Before Mickey Online Metacritic. Lurking under the brackish water are armored fish, snails, and brachiopods. A five- foot- long predatory eurypterid is trolling the shallows in search of its next meal. These “scorpions of the water” are some of the largest predators of the Paleozoic and close evolutionary cousins to spiders and horseshoe crabs. They have legs for walking and paddles for swimming, so they can easily move in and out of the water.
On land, life is now apparent. Thin, low- stemmed plants are sprouting from the muddy deposits on the edges of the streams. True land scorpions are scurrying among the plants, hunting for other critters that have evolved into this new, wide- open ecosystem outside of the water. What you see today.
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The most spectacular outcrop of the Beartooth Butte Formation is perched on the top of the Beartooth Plateau, more than 6,0. This geological remnant is the only bit of post- Precambrian sedimentary rock left on top of the mountains in this area – the rest was eroded away during the rise of the Rockies. The butte preserves horizontal layers of Cambrian, Ordovician, and Devonian shale and limestone, with sediments of the Beartooth Butte Formation filling channels cut down into the Bighorn Dolomite. These channels formed when sea level dropped during the Early Devonian, creating a coastal environment where streams flowed in from the adjacent land. Sediment slowly filled these channels, entombing the pieces and parts of the organisms that were living in this thriving ecosystem. Significance. The beginning of the Devonian was the time when organisms were just emerging onto land.
The early land plants were small – no forests existed yet, just low stems and a few small leaves. Plant roots and dead plant debris mixed in with weathered rock to form soils that started to live and breathe like the ones we have today. Arthropods, the evolutionary group that includes crabs, insects, and trilobites, were the first animals to be preserved as fossils from this new land- based ecosystem, but other soft- bodied groups were likely there also, leaving behind evidence in the form of burrows and tracks. The Beartooth Butte Formation contains a mix of marine (brachiopods and snails) and land (scorpions and plants) organisms, providing a perfect window into the very environment where this remarkable water- to- land evolutionary transition was taking place. Red World: 2. Million Years, Triassic Period. Formation: Chugwater Formation.
Ancient Environment: Hot and Seasonally Dry. Past. Deeply colored red mudflats can be seen far into the distance. Shallow channels drain the area, and little life is evident. Strong thunderstorms are booming away in the distance over a faraway forest. A lone rhynchosaur ambles across the plain, leaving a track in the soft mud underneath. This creature is like a vertebrate mash- up: a wide head with a short snout that resembles a hammerhead shark’s, a stout parrot- like beak, and plates of bumpy fish- like teeth lining its mouth so it can grind the plants that make up its diet. Sharp claws on its back feet could be used to dig up roots to eat or to protect it from the vast array of crocodile- like predators that roam the landscape.
What you see today. The Triassic Chugwater Formation is the most recognizable geological unit in the basin. Its bright- red color makes it stand out among the other more subdued colors of the adjacent formations. In fact, these red rocks can be seen clearly as you fly over the basin in an airplane and even in satellite imagery from space.
During the Triassic, Wyoming was in the northern tropics, and North America was starting to grow to the west by colliding with smaller landmasses. The Chugwater, like the other Paleozoic and older Mesozoic units in the basin, is usually found along the basin margin, folded up during the subsequent rise of the Rockies. Because of this, the Chugwater forms a red ring around most of the basin when seen from above. Significance. The Chugwater’s red color is very common for rocks of this age all over the world. It is rust, an oxidized form of iron that is also known as the mineral hematite. Just like a nail rusts when it is exposed to moisture and allowed to dry, sediments rust, and get red, when they experience cycles of wetting and drying.
Red sediments are common today in places that have strong seasonal changes in rainfall, like the tropical and continental interior areas that experience monsoons. Why so much rust in the Triassic? This is when all of the world’s continents had come together into the great supercontinent called Pangaea.